OCEOS/oceos kernel/task

OCEOS Task

Task Introduction

In OCEOS all tasks are defined before scheduling begins and each task assigned a fixed priority, a pre-emption threshold, a current jobs limit, a maximum start to completion time, and an expected minimum inter start request time. A task’s pre-emption threshold limits the tasks that can pre-empt it to those with higher priority than this threshold. Tasks with short run times can use this to avoid context switch overheads. Each task has two main states, enabled or disabled. OCEOS provides system calls to change task state. The state is usually enabled when the task is created, but can be initially disabled. A disabled task will not be executed, and any attempt to start it will be logged and the system state variable updated.
A request to start an enabled task creates an execution instance of the task, a ‘job’. A count is kept for each task of the number of times it has been started, i.e. total number of jobs created. Multiple jobs of the same task can be in existence simultaneously. A limit for the maximum number of these current jobs is set when a task is created, the ‘current jobs limit’. Each task has a current jobs count. This increments each time a task is started and decrements on job completion unless completion creates a further job from this task. A further execution instance of a task is not created if the current jobs count has reached the current jobs limit. Such job creation failures are logged and the system state updated. For each task a record is kept of the shortest time between attempts to create a new job, and a record of the maximum time between these attempts. For each task a record is kept also of the maximum time a job was waiting before starting, the minimum execution time, the maximum execution time, the maximum time from job creation to completion, and the maximum number of job pre-emptions. The system state variable is updated if necessary.
Task chaining is supported. A job can create a new job and pass this to the scheduler or place it on the timed actions queue .
Tasks provide a start address for a termination routine for use if task execution must be abandoned.

Note

All Tasks must be created before oceos_init_finish() is called.

Task Configuration

User must define NUMBER_OF_TASKS. The example can be found in OCEOS demo projects.
User must create defined number of tasks before calling oceos_init_finish()

    #define NUMBER_OF_TASKS 2
    /*
     * Create the application configuration structure
     */
    struct application_configuration           app_config = {0};
    app_config.number_of_tasks               = NUMBER_OF_TASKS;               // >= 1

User must define NUMBER_OF_READYQ_ENTRIES. The example can be found in OCEOS demo projects.
Number of ready queue entries, 0 to 254. Defaults to number of tasks, as each task should have at least one job. If Number of ready queue entries is larger that number of total jobs it defaults to number of total jobs

    #define NUMBER_OF_READYQ_ENTRIES 5
    /*
     * Create the application configuration structure
     */
    struct application_configuration           app_config = {0};
    app_config.number_of_readyQ_entries      = NUMBER_OF_READYQ_ENTRIES;      // 0 => calculate size

API Functions

API Functions

Directive	Description	main	task	IRQ handler
oceos_task_create()	Create Task	*
oceos_task_start()	Start Task		*	*
oceos_task_timed_start()	Schedule a task to start execution at a given system time		*	*
oceos_task_disable()	Disable Task		*	*
oceos_task_enable()	Enable Task		*	*
oceos_task_self()	Returns the task ID of the currently executing task		*	*
oceos_task_get_priority()	Get priority of a task		*	*
oceos_task_get_status()	Get status of a task		*	*
oceos_task_kill()	Directive to terminate current task		*	*
oceos_task_get_info()	Get task information		*	*

oceos_task_create()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Create a task. Can only be use before OCEOS starts. Stores the task information in the OCEOS fixed data area. This directive populates the data structures for a task. It should be called after oceos_init() and before oceos_init_finish().
It must be called for each task otherwise oceos_start() will return an error.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS   oceos_task_create(
    unsigned int taskID,         // unique, 0 to TASKS_MAX_ID
    U32_t priority,              // TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to TASK_MIN_PRIORITY
    U32_t threshold,             // TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to priority
    U32_t jobs_max,              // 1 to JOBS_MAX
    BOOLE_t FP_used,             // whether uses floating point hardware
    BOOLE_t initially_enabled,   // whether task enabled initially
    void (void *) start_function,// task start address
    void (void *) end_function,  // start of task end function
    U32_t time_deadline,         // maximum time to complete (ignore if 0)
    U32_t time_mininterstart     // minimum time between start requests
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Unique task ID from 0 to TASKS_MAX_ID
priority	TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to TASK_MIN_PRIORITY
threshold	TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to priority
jobs_max	Number of 1 to JOBS_MAX
FP_used	whether uses floating point hardware
initially_enabled	whether task enabled initially
start_function	task start address
end_function	start of task end function
time_deadline	maximum time to complete (ignore if 0)
time_mininterstart	minimum time between start requests

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
INCORRECT_STATE	Init Meta Pointer is NULL or Pointer to Task fixed data is NULL
TOO_MANY	Exceeds number of MAX Tasks or Exceeds number of MAX Jobs
INTERNAL_ERROR	System Meta pointer is NULL or System Meta pointer start sentinel is corrupt
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
INVALID_NAME	Task ID is already in use
INVALID_PRIORITY	Failed on task priority check
INVALID_NUMBER	Failed on task threshold check
INVALID_SIZE	Failed on task max job check
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 extern int task_tom_start(void* data);
 ...
 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
    // Task 0: priority 10, max jobs 1, enabled (consumer task)
    status  = oceos_task_create(t_tom, // unique, 0 to TASKS_MAX_ID  
	                               10, // TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to TASK_MIN_PRIORITY
								   10, // TASK_MAX_PRIORITY to priority
								    1, // 1 to JOBS_MAX
								    0, // whether uses floating point hardware
				         TASK_ENABLED, // whether task enabled initially
				       task_tom_start, // task start address
						         NULL, // start of task end function
						            0, // maximum time to complete (ignore if 0)
						            0  // minimum time between start requests
				                    );

oceos_task_start()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Starting a task involves three main stages:

• Setting up a job
  • Finding a free job entry
  • Setting up this entry
• Placing the job on ready queue
• Doing a context switch

This function should only be called after OCEOS is initialized and the dynamic task and job structures are set up.

When used from an interrupt handler, the context switch is only done after all nested interrupts have unwound.

Note

FOR SPARC ONLY : Tasks can be started in IRQ routines but CANNOT be started in TRAP handlers.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS   oceos_task_start(
    const unsigned int taskID, // task ID, must be in range 0 to 254
    void * const ptr           // pointer to data
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254
ptr	Pointer to task data

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INCORRECT_STATE	One of the System Meta pointers is NULL
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
INCORRECT_STATE	Tried to start disabled task
TOO_MANY	Max number of jobs(requests to start) for task is exceeded
FAILED_TO_PUT_JOB_ON_REDYQ	Failed to put job for task on ready Q
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 ...
 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
 status = oceos_task_start(t_tom, NULL); 
 if (SUCCESS != status) {
  // Deal with the problem
  return status;
 }

oceos_task_timed_start()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Schedule a task to start execution at a given system time.
The before and after offsets define a window around the selected time in which the task may be started.
If the current system time is before the start window a job is created and a corresponding action put on the timed action queue.
If the current system time is within the time window for starting the task, it is started immediately.
If the current system time is after the window, an error is reported.
return_job_id can be stored and used later to cancel if need.
Times are in microseconds.
This function should only be used after oceos_start() is called.

Note

This directive can only be called if timed actions (software timers) are initialized. Please see HERE.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS oceos_task_timed_start(
    const unsigned int taskID,// Task ID
    void * const ptr,         // data to be used by task
    U64_t start_time,         // system time at which task should start
    U32_t before,             // offset before time in which start o.k.
    U32_t after,              // offset after time in which start o.k.
    U32_t *return_job_id      // in case need to cancel later
);

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254
ptr	Pointer to data
start_time	System time at which job should start
before	Forward tolerance for time
after	Backward tolerance for time
return_job_id	Return job_id to the user, to remove this job from timed action if needed

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INCORRECT_STATE	One of the System Meta pointers is NULL or System time is not initialized or Tried to start disabled task
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
UNSATISFIED	System time is greater when start time plus after time
TOO_MANY	Max number of jobs(requests to start) for task is exceeded
INTERNAL_ERROR	Failed to put job for task on ready Q
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK

Example Usage

enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
};
...
enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
U32_t return_job_id = 0;
U64_t time = oceos_time_sys_get64();
status = oceos_task_timed_start(t_tom, // Task ID must be in range 0 to 254
                                 NULL, // Pointer to data
                       time + 1000000, // System time at which job should start
                                 1000, // Forward tolerance for time
                                 1000, // Backward tolerance for time
                       &return_job_id  // Return job_id to the user, to remove this job from timed action if needed
                                    );
if (SUCCESS != status) {
  // Handle ERROR
  return status;
}

oceos_task_disable()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Disable a task and remove any current pending jobs on ready queue. A disabled task's jobs will not be put into execution nor put on ready queue.

Note

If execution of a task has already commenced, disabling the task will not prevent it from completing.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS   oceos_task_disable(
    const unsigned int taskID // task ID, must be in range 0 to 254
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INTERNAL_ERROR	One of the System Meta pointers is NULL or Dynamic Meta pointer is NULL
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
ALREADY_SUSPENDED	Task is already disabled
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 ...
 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
 status =  oceos_task_disable(t_tom); 
 if (SUCCESS != status) {
  // Deal with the problem
  return status;
 }

oceos_task_enable()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Enable a task - only enabled tasks are placed on ready queue or started.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS   oceos_task_enable(
    const unsigned int taskID  // task ID, must be in range 0 to 254
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INCORRECT_STATE	One of the System Meta pointers is NULL
INTERNAL_ERROR	Dynamic Meta pointer is NULL
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
ALREADY_SUSPENDED	Task is already disabled
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 ...
 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
 status =  oceos_task_enable(t_tom); 
 if (SUCCESS != status) {
  // Deal with the problem
  return status;
 }

oceos_task_self()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Get the task ID of the current job

Prototype

unsigned int  oceos_task_self();

Parameters

Parameter	Description

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

unsigned int	Description
ID	Task ID of currently executing job
TASK_ID_INVALID	ERROR

Example Usage

  U32_t id;
  id = oceos_task_self();
  if (TASK_ID_INVALID == id) {
    // Handle ERROR
  }

oceos_task_get_priority()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Get priority of a task. The higher number is lower priority.

Prototype

 U8_t  oceos_task_get_priority(
    const unsigned int taskID   // task ID, must be in range 0 to 254
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254

Returns
This function returns U8_t.

U8_t	Description
priority	Priority of the given task ID
TASK_INVALID_PRIORITY	ERROR

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 ...
  U32_t priority;
  priority = oceos_task_get_priority(t_tom);
  if (TASK_INVALID_PRIORITY == priority ) {
    // Handle ERROR
  }

oceos_task_get_status()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Get status of a task.

Prototype

enum TASK_STATUS  oceos_task_get_status(
    const unsigned int taskID // task ID, must be in range 0 to 254
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
taskID	Task ID must be in range 0 to 254

Returns
This function returns enum TASK_STATUS.

enum TASK_STATUS	Description
TASK_DISABLED	Cannot be scheduled, and no current jobs
TASK_ENABLED	Can be scheduled, but no current jobs
TASK_INVALID	Task does not exist

Example Usage

 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
 ...
 enum TASK_STATUS status;
 status = oceos_task_get_status(t_tom);
 if (TASK_ENABLED == status) {
    // Do Something
 } else if (TASK_DISABLED == status) {
    // Do Something
 } else {
   // Handle ERROR
 }

oceos_task_kill()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Directive to terminate current task when undesired behavior was detected.
Current task is terminated and back to scheduler. This task can be restarted later.
If oceos_task_kill() is called from IRQ handler, the task is terminated when IRQ nesting is unraveled.
The user provided END function for this task is called from the scheduler.
OCEOS can only kill the current job due to its single stack design. Application scenarios where this directive could be used include:

• Application regular interrupt checking job status
  

If such an application interrupt detected an error in the current job it can call oceos_task_kill() as part of its recovery actions.

• oceos_on_error()
  

OCEOS calls oceos_on_error(TODO ADD THE LINK TO DESCRIPTION OF THIS FUNCTION) in the case of a system error. This is user implemented function where application recovery code is located.
oceos_task_kill() is a possible directive to be used as part of error recovery.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS        oceos_task_kill();

Parameters

Parameter	Description

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INCORRECT_STATE	Called while initialisation is ongoing or Scheduling is not started
INTERNAL_ERROR	Dynamic Meta pointer is NULL
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK (only return this if was called from IRQ handler)

Example Usage

 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
 status = oceos_task_kill();
  if (SUCCESSFUL != status ) {
      // Handle ERROR
  }

oceos_task_get_info()

Header File
tasks.h

Description
Get task information for task with ID.
User must pass pointer to struct task_info in order to retrieve data.

Prototype

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS oceos_task_get_info (
    const unsigned int Task,  // Task ID
    struct task_info *info    // Pointer to struct task_info
 );

Parameters

Parameter	Description
task_id	Task ID
info	Pointer to struct task_info

Returns
This function returns enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS.

enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS	Description
NOT_CONFIGURED	System Meta pointer is NULL or Fixed data start sentinel is corrupt
INCORRECT_STATE	Called while initialisation is ongoing
INTERNAL_ERROR	Dynamic Meta pointer is NULL
INVALID_ID	Failed on task ID check
NOT_DEFINED	Pointer to task_info is NULL
SUCCESSFUL	All is OK and data is valid

Example Usage

 /**
 * task info to be used with oceos_task_get_info
 */
struct task_info {

    unsigned int    jobs_current_max  :16;        // maximum number of current jobs for this task, no roll over, can be reset
    unsigned int    jobs_total        :16;        // number of times this task was started, no roll-over, can be reset
    unsigned int    jobs_current;                 // Number of task instances currently in use by oceos
    U32_t           time_max_delay;               // maximum time job is waiting on ready queue before becoming active
    U32_t           time_max_finish;              // maximum time to finish job execution after starting
    U32_t           time_max_exec;                // maximum time spent executing
    U32_t           time_total_exec_low;          // total CPU time used by this task low bits
    U32_t           time_total_exec_high;         // total CPU time used by this task high bits
    U32_t           time_min_gap_starts;          // minimum time between job creations, can be reset
    U32_t           time_min_gap_finish_start;    // minimum time between job ending and new job creation, can be reset
    U32_t           time_last_start;              // time of most recent job creation
    U32_t           time_last_finish;             // time of most recent job finish
    U32_t           preempt_max;                  // maximum times any job was pre-empted, no roll-over, can be reset
};
 enum TASK_NAME{
    t_tom,                      // will have task ID 0
    t_dick,                     // will have task ID 1
 };
...
 struct task_info info;
 enum DIRECTIVE_STATUS status;
 status = oceos_task_get_info(t_tom, &info);
 if (SUCCESS != status) {
  // Deal with the problem
  return status;
 }